Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria

Depression, a condition affecting over 300 million individuals worldwide, is characterised by the limited effi­cacy of current pharmacological treatments. Lion’s mane [Hedgehog soprano] (Hericium erinaceus, HE) has demonstrated notable neuroprotective and antidepressant properties, believed to result from its modulation of the gut-brain axis and its anti-inflammatory effects. This literature review which includes studies from Pub­Med, Web of Science, and Scopus published over the past decade, examines the impact of HE on neurotrans­mitter systems, neuroprotection, inflammation, and gut microbiota. The findings suggest that HE stimulates nerve growth factor (NGF) production, which promotes neurogenesis, and modulates the gut microbiota, which in turn influences the synthesis of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. Furthermore, HE exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Both preclinical and clinical studies support its antidepressant effects. However, further research is needed to determine optimal dosages, clarify the underlying mechanisms of action, and assess potential drug interactions.